Basic Biostatistics: Statistics for Public Health Practice
Author: B Burt Gerstman
Basic Biostatistics is a concise, introductory text that covers biostatistical principles and focuses on the common types of data encountered in public health and biomedical fields. The text puts equal emphasis on exploratory and confirmatory statistical methods. Sampling, exploratory data analysis, estimation, hypothesis testing, and power and precision are covered through detailed, illustrative examples.
The book is organized into three parts: Part I addresses basic concepts and techniques; Part II covers analytic techniques for quantitative response variables; and Part III covers techniques for categorical responses.
With language, examples, and exercises that are accessible to students with modest mathematical backgrounds, this is the perfect introductory biostatistics text for undergraduates and graduates in various fields of public health.
Table of Contents:
Preface xiAcknowledgments xv
About the Author xvii
General Concept and Techniques
Measurement 1
What Is Biostatistics? 1
Organization of Data 2
Types of Measurements 5
Data Quality 7
Types of Studies 15
Surveys 15
Comparative Studies 21
Frequency Distributions 35
Stemplots 35
Frequency Tables 51
Additional Frequency Charts 55
Summary Statistics 63
Central Location: Mean 63
Central Location: Median 67
Central Location: Mode 70
Comparison of the Mean, Median, and Mode 70
Spread: Quartiles 71
Boxplots 75
Spread: Variance and Standard Deviation 78
Selecting Summary Statistics 84
Probability Concepts 89
What Is Probability? 89
Types of Random Variables 92
Discrete Random Variables 93
Continuous Random Variables 100
More Rules and Properties of Probability 105
Binomial Probability Distributions 115
Binomial Random Variables 115
Calculating Binomial Probabilities 116
Cumulative Proba bilities 119
Probability Calculators 120
Expected Value and Variance of a Binomial Random Variable 123
Using the Binomial Distribution to Help Make Judgments 125
Normal Probability Distributions 129
Normal Distributions 129
Determining Normal Probabilities 139
Finding Values That Correspond to Normal Probabilities 145
Assessing Departures from Normality 147
Introduction to Statistical Inference 155
Concepts 155
Sampling Behavior of a Mean 158
Sampling Behavior of a Count and Proportion 167
Basics of Hypothesis Testing 175
The Null and Alternative Hypotheses 175
Test Statistic 178
P-Value 181
Significance Level 182
One-Sample z Test 184
Power and Sample Size 188
Basics of Confidence Intervals 197
Introduction to Estimation 197
Confidence Interval for [mu] When [sigma] Known 199
Sample Size Requirements 203
Relationship Between Hypothesis Testing and Confidence Intervals 205
Quantitative Response Variable
Inference About a Mean 209
Estimated Standard Error of the Mean 209
Student's t Distributions 210
One-Sample t Test 214
Confidenc e Interval for [mu] 217
Paired Samples 218
Conditions for Inference 224
Sample Size and Power 226
Comparing Independent Means 235
Paired and Independent Samples 235
Exploratory and Descriptive Statistics 239
Inference About the Mean Difference 243
Equal Variance t Procedure (Optional) 247
Conditions for Inference 248
Sample Size and Power 250
Comparing Several Means (One-Way ANOVA) 259
Descriptive Statistics 260
The Problem of Multiple Comparisons 265
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) 266
Post Hoc Comparisons 276
The Equal Variance Assumption 282
Introduction to Non-Parametric Tests 287
Correlation and Regression 295
Data 295
Scatterplots 296
Correlation 299
Regression 311
Multiple Linear Regression 333
The General Idea 333
The Multiple Linear Regression Model 334
Categorical Explanatory Variables in Regression Models 337
Regression Coefficients 340
ANOVA for Multiple Linear Regression 342
Examining Multiple Regression Conditions 346
Categorical Response Variable
Inference About a Proportion & nbsp; 349
Proportions 349
The Sampling Distribution of a Proportion 352
Hypothesis Test, Normal Approximation 354
Hypothesis Test, Exact Binomial Method 357
Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion 363
Sample Size and Power 366
Comparing Two Proportions 373
Data 373
Proportion Difference (Risk Difference) 375
Hypothesis Test 380
Proportion Ratio (Relative Risk) 389
Systematic Sources of Error 393
Power and Sample Size 396
Cross-Tabulated Counts 407
Types of Samples 407
Describing Nat uralistic and Cohort Samples 409
Chi-Square Test of Association 421
Test for Trend 431
Case-Control Samples 436
Matched Pairs 446
Stratified 2-by-2 Tables 465
Preventing Confounding 465
Simpson's Paradox 466
Mantel-Haenszel Methods 468
Interaction 474
Table of 2000 Random Digits 483
z Table. Cummulative Probabilities for a Standard Normal Random Variable 485
t Table 487
F Table 489
X[superscript 2] Table 493
Two-Tails of z 495
Answers to Odd Numbered Exercises & nbsp; 497
Index 547
Go to: Moral Issues in Business and Business
Business Basics Law Students: Essential Concepts and Applications
Author: Robert W Hamilton
Zeroing in on the topics that are truly essential to law students, Hamilton and Booth organize their book into short sections that can be consulted for answers to specific questions. BUSINESS BASICS FOR LAW STUDENTS, Second Edition, builds from basic to sophisticated subjects:
—Accounting and Financial Statements
—Federal Income Taxation
—Basic Forms of Business
—Life Insurance
—Real Estate
—Securities Law
—Time Value of Money and Valuation
The authors bring law students "up to speed" quickly; no prior knowledge of business concepts is required for understanding.
While they condensed the book to 19 (from 22) chapters, Hamilton and Booth incorporated a host of important information, including:
—LLCs and other unincorporated entities; why they exist and common problems
—small business financing
—executive compensation
—fairness opinions
—derivative securities< P> —new ways of trading securities and commodities, the increasing importance of institutional investing, and the impact of derivative products
—new insurance products and the growing significance of insurance concepts in legal reasoning
—fundamental changes in the economics of law firms
—friendly transactions and planning issues in connection with mergers and acquisitions
Key terms and concepts appear in bold type when they are introduced. Instead of a regular glossary, BUSINESS BASICS FOR LAW STUDENTS offers a word list at the end of the book that sends readers to the page where the term is first defined, putting its definition in context. With more detail than other businessconcepts books, unique coverage of finance, and greater flexibility for use with a wide range of course materials, BUSINESS BASICS FOR LAW STUDENTS, Second Edition, is the sensible choice for students and instructors alike.
Table of Contents
Contents
A cknowledgements
Introduction
PART I: BASIC FINANCIAL CONCEPTS
Chapter 1: Debt and Interest
Chapter 2: Present Value
PART II: APPLICATIONS
Chapter 3: The Creative Use of Debt: Real Estate
Chapter 4: Commercial Annuities and Retirement Plans
Chapter 5: Insurance
PART III: ACCOUNTING, VALUATION, AND TAXATION
Chapter 6: Fundamental Accounting Principles
Chapter 7: How to Read and Use Financial Statements
Chapter 8: Valuation of An Ongoing Business
Chapter 9: Federal Taxation
PART IV: BUSINESS FORMS
Chapter 10: A Survey of Business Forms
A: PARTNERSHIPS AND LIMITED PARTNERSHIPS
B: CORPORATIONS
C: LLCs AND OTHER FORMS OF ORGANIZATION
D: SELECTION OF BUSINESS FORM
Chapter 11: Corporate Securities
Chapter 12: Dividends and Distributions
Chapter 13: Mergers and Acquisitions
PART V: FINANCIAL MARKETS AND INVESTMENTS
Chapter 14: Trading in Stocks and Bonds
Chapter 15: Investment Strategies for the Small Investor
Chapter 16: Options, Commodities, Futures, and Other Esoterica
PART VI: THE PRACTICE OF CORPORATE LAW
Chapter 17: The Practice of Law as a Business
Booknews
Hamilton (law, U. of Texas) and Booth (law, U. of Maryland) describe the fundamentals of business law and practice for law students with little or no business background. They discuss modern business forms, securities regulation and trading, income taxation, investments, insurance, and bankruptcy. Focusing on business and finance rather than legal concepts, this text is intended to be a supplement to standard law school texts. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
Table of Contents:
| Preface and Acknowledgments | ||
| Ch. 1 | Debt and Interest | 1 |
| Ch. 2 | Present Value | 19 |
| Ch. 3 | Real Estate | 33 |
| Ch. 4 | Annuities and Retirement Plans | 69 |
| Ch. 5 | Insurance | 87 |
| Ch. 6 | Accounting and Financial Reporting | 113 |
| Ch. 7 | Valuation of a Going Business | 161 |
| Ch. 8 | Federal Taxation | 199 |
| Ch. 9 | Insolvency and Bankruptcy | 225 |
| Ch. 10 | Business Organizations | 237 |
| Ch. 11 | Corporate Securities | 279 |
| Ch. 12 | Dividends and Distributions | 301 |
| Ch. 13 | Mergers and Acquisitions | 317 |
| Ch. 14 | Trading in Stocks and Bonds | 355 |
| Ch. 15 | Options, Futures, and Derivatives | 407 |
| Ch. 16 | Investment Companies and Investment Advice | 439 |
| Ch. 17 | The Business of Law | 477 |
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